Scientific Publications

1.     Doust, S.N., Abbasian, M., Haghshenas, S.A., Risk, M.K., Downs, C.A. (2024) Integrating hydrodynamic modeling with ecological risk assessment for selecting sites for artificial reef deployment: avoiding coastal pollution risks in Kish Island, Persian Gulf. Oceans 5(4): 889-905. https://doi.org/10.3390/oceans5040051

2.     Downs, C.A., Doust, S.N., Hagshenas, S.A., Woodley, C.M., Shirzad, B., McDonald, E.M., Nazarpour, A., Farhangmehr, A., Zhao, H., Bishop, E.E., Risk, M.J. (2024) Potential impact of the 2023 Lahaina wildfire on the marine environment: Modeling the transport of ash-laden benzo[a]pyrene and pentachlorophenol. Science of the Total Environment 954:176346. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.176346

3.     Seveso, D., Louis, Y.D., Bhagooli, R., Downs, C.A., Dellisanti, W. (2024) The cellular stress response and physiological adaptations of corals subjected to environmental stressors and pollutants, volume II. Frontiers in Physiology 15:176346. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2024.1473792

4.     Downs, C.A., Akerlof, K.L., Stien, D., Rodrigues, A.M.S., Diaz-Cruz, M.S., Quintana, G., Fulton, D. (2024) Sunscreen pollution is abated during the COVID-19 “Anthropause” of 2020 in two U.S. National Parks: Cape Lookout National Seashore and Kaloko-Honokohau National Historical Park. Chemosphere 200:102510. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seares.2024.102510

5.     Zhou, Y., Li, Q., Zhang, Q., Yuan, M., Zhu, X., Li, Y., Li, Q., Downs, C.A., Huang, D., Chou, L.M., Zhao, H. (2024) Environmental concentrations of herbicide prometryn render stress-tolerant corals susceptible to ocean warming. Environmental Science & Technology 58(10):4545-4557. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.3c10417 (Cover of issue)

6.     Tisthammer, K.H., Martinez, J.A., Downs, C.A., Richmond R. H. (2024) Differential molecular biomarker expression in corals over a gradient of water quality stressors in Maunalua Bay, Hawaii. Frontiers in Physiology 15: 1346045. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2024.1346045

7.     Doust, S.N., Haghshenas, S.A., Bishop, E.E., Risk, M.J., Downs, C.A. (2024) Fine-scale geographic risk assessment of oxybenzone sunscreen pollution within Hanauma Bay using hydrodynamic characterization and modeling. Science of the Total Environment 906:167614.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167614

8.     Akerlof, K.L., Sherman, E., Downs, C.A., Melena, S., Belman, D., Medina, O., Lipsky, C.A. (2023) Diagnosing sun protection behavioral barriers and identifying interventions for public health and the environment. Coastal Management 51:377-394. https://doi.org/10.1080/08920753.2023.2291862

9.     Downs, CA., Amin, M. M., Tabatabaeian, M., Chavoshani, A., Amjadi, E., Afshari, A., & Kelishadi, R. (2023). Parabens preferentially accumulate in metastatic breast tumors compared to benign breast tumors and the association of breast cancer risk factors with paraben accumulation. Environmental Advances, 11, 100325. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envadv.2022.100325

10.  Li S, Zhou Y, Downs CA, Yuan S, Hou M, Li Q, Zhing X, Zhong, F. (2023). Proteomics and lysine acetylation modification reveal the responses of pakchoi (Brassica rapa L. ssp. chinensis) to oxybenzone stress. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 71(22), 8332-8344. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.2c07852

11.  Downs CA, Diaz-Cruz MS, White WT, Rice M, Jim L, Punihaole C, Dant M, Gautam K, Woodley CM, Walsh KO, Perry J, Downs EM, Bishop L, Garg A, King K, Paltiin T, McKinley EB, Beers AI, Anbumani S, Bagshaw J (2022) Beach showers as sources of contamination for sunscreen pollution in marine protected areas and areas of intensive beach tourism in Hawaii, USA. Journal of Hazardous Materials 438:129546.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129546

12.  Gautam, K., Seth, M., Dwivedi, S., Jain, V., Vamadevan, B., Singh, D., Roy K.S., Downs CA., Anbumani, S. (2022). Soil degradation kinetics of oxybenzone (Benzophenone-3) and toxicopathological assessment in the earthworm, Eisenia fetida. Environmental Research, 213, 113689. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2022.113689

13.  Downs CA, Cruz OT, Remengesau, TE Jr. (2022) Sunscreen pollution and tourism governance: science and innovation are necessary for biodiversity conservation and sustainable tourism. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 32:896-906. https://doi.org/10.1002/aqc.3791

14.  Downs CA, Bishop E, Diaz-Cruz MS, Haghshenas SA, Stien D, Rodrigues AMS, Woodley CM, Sunyer-caldu A, Doust SN, Espero W, Ward G, Farhangmehr A, Samimi SMT, Risk MJ, Lebaron P, DiNardo JC (2021) Oxybenzone contamination from sunscreen pollution and its ecological threat to Hanauma Bay, Oahu, Hawaii, U.S.A. Chemosphere 291(pt2):132880. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132880

15.  Laffoley D, Baxter JM, Amon DJ, Claudet, Downs CA, Earle SA, Gjerde KM, Hall-Spencer JM, Koldewey HJ, Levin LA, Reid CP, Roberts CM, Sumaila U, Taylor ML, Thiele T, Woodall LC (2021) The forgotten ocean: why COP26 must call for vastly greater ambition and urgency to address ocean change. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 1-12. Https://doi.org/10.1002/aqc.3751

16.  DiNardo JC, Downs CA (2021) Failure to protect: do sunscreens prevent skin cancer in humans? Toxicology: Open Access 7:3. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/352061297_Failure_to_Protect_Do_Sunscreens_Prevent_Skin_Cancer_in_Humans

17.  Downs CA, DiNardo JC, Stien D, Rodrigues AMS, Lebaron P (2021) Benzophenone accumulates over time from the degradation of octocrylene in commercial sunscreen products. Chemical Research in Toxicology 34:1046-1054. 

https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrestox.0c00461  

18.  Rodrigues MS, Lebaron P, Downs CA, Stien D (2021) Optimization for quantification of sunscreen organic ultraviolet filters in coastal sands. Journal of Separation Science 44:3338-3347. https://doi.org/10.1002/jssc.202100400  

19.  DiNardo JC, Downs CA (2021) Fall from GRASE: The sunsetting of the Sunscreen Innovation Act. American Journal of Dermatological Research and Reviews 4:39.

20.  Zhong X, Downs CA, Li Y, Zhang Z, Li Y, Liu B, Gao H, Li Q (2020) Comparison of toxicological effects of oxybenzone, avobenzone, octocrylene, and octinoxate sunscreen ingredients on cucumber plants (Cucumis sativus L.). Science of the Total Environment 714:136879. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136879 

21.  DiNardo JC, Downs CA (2020) Should a toxicological risk assessment of ubiquitous chemicals be done using data from one source of exposure? Open Access Journal of Toxicology 4,2. https://doi.org/10.19080/OAJT.2020.04.555633

22.  Zhong X, Downs CA, Che X, Zhang Z, Li Y, Liu B, Li Q, Li Y, Gao H (2019) The toxicological effects of oxybenzone, an active ingredient in sunscreens personal care products, on prokaryotic alga Arthrospira sp. and eukaryotic alga Chlorella sp. Aquatic Toxicology 216: 105295. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.105295

23.  Laffoley D, Baxter JM, Amon DJ, Currie DEJ, Downs CA, Hall-spencer JM, Harden-Davies H, Page R, Reid CP, Roberts CM, Rogers A, Thiele T, Sheppard CRC, Sumaila, RU, Woodall LC (2019) Eight urgent, fundamental and simultaneous steps needed to restore ocean health, and the consequences for humanity and the planet of inaction or delay. Aquatic Conservation: Marine & Freshwater Ecosystems 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1002/aqc.3182

24.  DiNardo JC, Downs CA (2019) Why evaluate the sunscreen active oxybenzone (benzophenone-3) for carcinogenicity and reproductive toxicology or consider it unsafe for humans use? Dermatological Research 1:1-3. https://scivisionpub.com/pdfs/why-evaluate-the-sunscreen-active-oxybenzone-benzophenone3-for-carcinogenicity-and-reproductive-toxicology-or-consider-it-unsafe-f-932.pdf

25.  DiNardo JC, Downs CA (2019) Can oxybenzone cause Hirschsprung’s disease? Reproductive Toxicology 86:98-100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.reprotox.2019.02.014

26.  DiNardo JC, Downs CA (2019) Should We Use Products Containing Chemical UV Absorbing Sunscreen Actives on Children? Clinical Dermatology Research Journal 4(1) doi: 10.4172/2576-1439.1000130 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/349992197_Clinical_Dermatology_Research_Journal_Should_We_Use_Products_Containing_Chemical_UV_Absorbing_Sunscreen_Actives_on_Children

27.  Goulson D, 232 signatories (including Downs CA) Call to restrict neonicotinoids. Science (2018) 360(6392):973. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aau0432

28.  DiNardo JC, Downs CA (2017) Dermatological and environmental toxicological impact of the sunscreen ingredient oxybenzone/benzophenone-3. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology 17:15-19. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocd.12449

29.  Downs, C.A., Kramarsky-Winter, E., Segal, R., Fauth, J., Knutson, S., Bronstein, O., Ciner, F.R., Jeger, R., Lichtenfeld, Y., Woodley, C.M. and Pennington, P. (2016) Toxicopathological effects of the sunscreen UV filter, oxybenzone (benzophenone-3), on coral planulae and cultured primary cells and its environmental contamination in Hawaii and the U.S. Virgin Islands. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 70:265-288. 

30.  Hamlin HJ, Marciano K, Downs CA. (2015) Migration of nonylphenol from food-grade plastic is toxic to the coral reef fish species Pseudochromis fridmani.  Chemosphere 139:223-228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.06.032

31.  Van der Sluijis JP, Amaral-Rogers V, Belzunces LP, Bijleveld van Lexmond MFIJ, Bonmatin,J-M, Chagnon M, Downs CA, Furlan F, Gibbons DW, Giorio C, Girolami V, Goulson D, Kreutzweiser DP, Krupke C, Liess M, Long E, Mcfield M, Mineau P, Mitchell AD, Morrissey CA, Noome DA, Pisa L, Settele J, Simon-Delso N, Stark JD, Tapparo A, Van Dyck H, Van Praagh J, Whitehorn PR, Wiemers M (2015) Conclusion of the Worldwide Integrated Assessment on the risks of neonicotinoids and fipronil to biodiversity and ecosystem functioning.  Environmental Science and Pollution Research 22:148-154. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-014-3229-5

32.  Pisa LW, Amaral-Rogers V, Belzunces LP, Bonmatin J-M, Downs CA, Goulson D, Kreutzweiser DP, Krupke C, Liess M, McField M, Morrissey CAD, Noome D, Settele J, Simon-Delso N, Stark JD, Van der Sluijis JP, Van Dyck H, Wiemers M (2015) Effects of neonicotinoids and fipronil on non-target invertebrates. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 22:68-102. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-014-3471-x

33.  Simon-Delso N, Amaral-Rogers V, Belzunces LP, Bonmatin, J-M, Chagnon M, Downs CA, Furlan L, Gibbons DW, Giorio C, Girolami V, Goulson, D., Kreutzweiser DP, Krupke C, Liess M, Long E, Mineau  P, Mitchell EAD, Morrissey CAD, Noome D, Pisa LW, Settele (2014) Systemic insecticides (neonicotinoids and fipronil): trends, uses, mode of action and metabolites. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 22:5-34. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-014-3470-y  

34.  Downs CA, Kramarsky-Winter E, Fauth JE, Segal R, Bronstein O, Jeger R, Lichtenfeld Y, Woodley, CM, Pennington P, Kushmaro A, Loya Y (2014) Toxicological effects of the sunscreen UV filter, benzophenone-2, on planula and in vitro cells of the coral, Stylophora pistillata.  Ecotoxicology 23:175-191. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-013-1161-y 

35.  Downs CA, McDougal K, Woodley CM, Fauth JE, Richmond R, Kushmaro A, Gibb, SW, Loya Y, Kramarsky-Winter E (2013). Heat-stress and light-stress induce different cellular pathologies in coral dinoflagellate zooxanthellae during coral bleaching. PLoS ONE 8(12): e77173. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0077173

36.  Downs CA, Ostrander GK, Rougee L, Rongo T, Knuston S, Williams DE, Mendiola W, Holbrook J, Richmond RH (2012) The use of cellular diagnostics for identifying sub-lethal stress in reef corals.  Ecotoxicology 21:768-782. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-011-0837-4

37.  Vijayavel K, Downs CA, Ostrander GK, Richmond RH (2012). Oxidative DNA damage induced by iron chloride in the larvae of the lace coral Pocillopora damicornis.  Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C:  Toxicology & Pharmacology 155:275-280.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpc.2011.09.007

38.  Knutson S, Downs CA, Richmond RH (2012) Concentrations of Irgarol in selected marinas of Oahu, Hawaii and effects on settlement of coral larva.  Ecotoxicology 21:1-8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-011-0752-8

39.  Downs CA, Woodley CM, Fauth JE, Knutson S, Burtscher M, May L, Avadanei A, Higgins J, Ostrander GK (2011). A survey of environmental pollutants and cellular-stress biomarkers of Porites astreoides at six sites in St. John, U.S. Virgin Islands.  Ecotoxicology 20:1914-1931. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-011-0729-7

40.  Vizel, M., Loya, Y., Downs, C.A., Kramarsky-Winter, E.  (2010). Coral micropropagation: a novel technology for establishment of clonal polyp lines and the manipulation of developmental differentiation.  Marine Biotechnology 13:423-432. (Cover of issue) https://doi.org/10.1007/s10126-010-9313-z

41.  Downs CA, Fauth JF, Downs VD, Ostrander G. (2010). In vitro cell-toxicity screening as an alternative animal model for coral toxicology: effects of heat stress, sulfide, rotenone, cyanide, and cuprous oxide on cell viability and mitochondrial function.  Ecotoxicology 19:171-184. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-009-0403-5